{"id":11948,"date":"2009-12-26T17:03:16","date_gmt":"2009-12-26T15:03:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.sillon38.com\/?p=11948"},"modified":"2009-12-26T17:03:16","modified_gmt":"2009-12-26T15:03:16","slug":"des-toits-verts-dans-la-ville","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sillon38.com\/blog\/2009\/12\/26\/des-toits-verts-dans-la-ville\/","title":{"rendered":"Des toits verts dans la ville"},"content":{"rendered":"

La lutte engag\u00e9e contre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique a d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 produit un \u00e9ventail assez large de solutions alternatives, effectives ou en gestation. Pour le cas des villes comme Grenoble,\u00a0 soumises \u00e0 l\u2019effet d\u2019il\u00f4t de chaleur urbain (ICU) d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019importance des surfaces min\u00e9rales absorbant la chaleur, la v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation des toitures (les toitures plates en priorit\u00e9) est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par la Metro 38, dans la notice qu\u2019elle a r\u00e9cemment \u00e9dit\u00e9e sur ce sujet, comme un levier int\u00e9ressant pour lutter contre l\u2019ozone et rafra\u00eechir l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. (1)<\/p>\n

Ce n\u2019est en aucun cas une innovation\u00a0: cette technique est utilis\u00e9e depuis des si\u00e8cles en raison de ses performances, tant contre le froid (Scandinavie, Islande) que contre la chaleur (Tanzanie, Turquie, Mongolie).<\/p>\n

L\u2019atmosph\u00e8re de \u00ab\u00a0la cuvette grenobloise\u00a0\u00bb, souvent \u00e9touffante en p\u00e9riode estivale, ne pourrait qu\u2019y gagner\u2026 en perdant, dans le meilleur des cas, quelques degr\u00e9s centigrades. Trouver de nouveaux espaces \u00e0 v\u00e9g\u00e9taliser en espace urbain contraint reste cependant une mission difficile.<\/p>\n

V\u00e9g\u00e9tal contre min\u00e9ral<\/strong><\/p>\n

La M\u00e9tro 38 (communaut\u00e9 d\u2019agglom\u00e9ration Grenoble-Alpes m\u00e9tropole) qui a initi\u00e9 en 2005 un plan Climat et mis en place un Observatoire (voir notre article pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent), explore cette voie, la v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation des toits urbains pouvant\u00a0 \u00e9viter l\u2019absorption de rayonnements solaires par des surfaces min\u00e9rales les restituant sous forme de chaleur. La notice pr\u00e9sentant les tenants et aboutissants de cette technique, souligne entre autres que ces surfaces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales contribuent \u00e0 fixer les polluants atmosph\u00e9riques tels que particules, m\u00e9taux lourds et compos\u00e9s organiques volatiles.<\/p>\n

\"toitvegetal\"Cette technique permet en outre\u00a0:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le confort thermique \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des b\u00e2timents, par son effet isolant (\u00e9conomie d\u2019\u00e9nergie, isolation acoustique, r\u00e9sistance au feu, entre autres)<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 de faire de la r\u00e9tention des eaux pluviales, restitu\u00e9es par \u00e9vaporation et par \u00e9vacuation au r\u00e9seau, de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 d\u2019augmenter la dur\u00e9e de vie de l\u2019\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 par limitation des chocs thermiques<\/p>\n

En 2005, 1% des toitures fran\u00e7aises \u00e9taient v\u00e9g\u00e9talis\u00e9es (ADIVET) contre 10% des toits allemands. Pourtant, la progression est significative.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ADIVET, l\u2019association des toitures v\u00e9g\u00e9tales, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de son AG du 18 mars 2009, signalait que malgr\u00e9\u00a0la crise, le march\u00e9 de la v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation des toitures ne cesse,depuis 2004, de stimuler la progression du d\u00e9veloppement durable dans la construction.<\/p>\n

\"toit<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Avec une progression en 2008 sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 50 %, la France prend enfin conscience des avantages environnementaux des toitures v\u00e9g\u00e9tales\u00a0\u00bb, commentait l\u2019ADIVET. \u00ab\u00a0Cette \u00e9volution est tr\u00e8s encourageante. Le travail de promotion des toitures v\u00e9g\u00e9tales r\u00e9alis\u00e9 depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es porte ses fruits. Gr\u00e2ce aux ma\u00eetres d\u2019oeuvre et aux ma\u00eetres d’ouvrage \u00e9co-responsables, la technique se g\u00e9n\u00e9ralise sur tous les types de construction\u00a0\u00bb (2).<\/p>\n

Le Centre technique du pays Voironnais a eu recours \u00e0 la v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation extensive pour couvrir 2700m2 de garages. Il s\u2019agit de toits en pente (19\u00b0) orient\u00e9s au nord et plant\u00e9s d\u2019un m\u00e9lange de s\u00e9dum. Le co\u00fbt est de l\u2019ordre de 117\u20ac\/m2.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les inconv\u00e9nients<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019Agence d\u2019urbanisme de la r\u00e9gion grenobloise les a recens\u00e9s. Ils sont de quatre ordres\u00a0:<\/p>\n

– le co\u00fbt\u00a0: le surco\u00fbt de l\u2019installation peut \u00eatre\u00a0 important mais il est en partie compens\u00e9 par les gains \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques r\u00e9alis\u00e9s<\/p>\n

– le poids\u00a0: le poids du substrat v\u00e9g\u00e9tal peut \u00eatre un facteur limitant, surtout pour la v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation intensive (200 \u00e0 1000kg\/m2)<\/p>\n

– le risque d\u2019incendie\u00a0: dans des conditions de s\u00e9cheresse prolong\u00e9e, certaines plantes du toit, comme les gramin\u00e9es, peuvent \u00eatre une source d\u2019incendies.<\/p>\n

– l\u2019humidit\u00e9\u00a0: dans les r\u00e9gions tr\u00e8s arros\u00e9es, un toit v\u00e9g\u00e9talis\u00e9 peut contribuer \u00e0 augmenter l\u2019humidit\u00e9 de l\u2019habitat<\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. <\/em><\/p>\n

(1) Une campagne de mesures men\u00e9e par Grenoble a permis d\u2019\u00e9valuer des \u00e9carts cons\u00e9quents de temp\u00e9rature entre zones urbaines et p\u00e9riurbaines. Ils sont, par exemple, de l\u2019ordre de 5\u00b0C en moyenne la nuit entre les quartiers centraux et min\u00e9raux de la ville de Grenoble et Le Versoud.<\/em><\/p>\n

(2) A Paris, les toits v\u00e9g\u00e9talis\u00e9s sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s au PLU comme une solution de verdissement de l\u2019espace urbain.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rafra\u00eechir le climat urbain par la v\u00e9g\u00e9talisation : la M\u00e9tro s\u2019y emploie<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,22],"tags":[212,3750,4651,5389],"class_list":["post-11948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-environnement","tag-adivet","tag-metro-38","tag-rechauffement-climatique","tag-toits-en-herbe"],"yoast_head":"\nDes toits verts dans la ville -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sillon38.com\/blog\/2009\/12\/26\/des-toits-verts-dans-la-ville\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Des toits verts dans la ville 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