A la suite de l\u2019annonce du verdict du proc\u00e8s de l’Erika, Jean-Louis Borloo, ministre d\u2019Etat, ministre de l\u2019Ecologie, du D\u00e9veloppement et de l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement durables, prend acte avec grand int\u00e9r\u00eat de la reconnaissance, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, par la Justice, de la notion de pr\u00e9judice \u00e9cologique, r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019atteinte port\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019environnement.
\n\u00ab Alors que la justice vient de reconnaitre la notion de pr\u00e9judice \u00e9cologique, r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019atteinte port\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019environnement, cette d\u00e9cision marque une \u00e9tape tr\u00e8s importante. Comme l\u2019a rappel\u00e9 le Grenelle Environnement, la notion de responsabilit\u00e9 est au coeur du d\u00e9veloppement durable \u00bb a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Jean-Louis Borloo.<\/p>\n
A la suite des naufrages de l\u2019Erika, puis du Prestige, la France a r\u00e9agi par l\u2019adoption de mesures renfor\u00e7ant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 maritime et la lutte contre les pollutions marines.<\/p>\n
Les mesures les plus significatives concernent tout d\u2019abord les sanctions p\u00e9nales. En effet, les amendes inflig\u00e9es aux responsables de pollution peuvent d\u00e9sormais aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 un million d\u2019euros et la comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux de grande instance du littoral maritime sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9largie.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
D\u2019autre part, l\u2019Europe a mis en place un syst\u00e8me communautaire de suivi du trafic des navires et d\u2019\u00e9changes d\u2019informations entre les Etats membres sur les navires transportant des marchandises dangereuses. Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette obligation, la France dispose du syst\u00e8me d\u2019information Trafic 2000 depuis 2004.
\nLa France s\u2019est \u00e9galement associ\u00e9e au Royaume-Uni, \u00e0 l\u2019Irlande, \u00e0 la Belgique, \u00e0 l\u2019Espagne et au Portugal pour donner aux eaux bordant la c\u00f4te occidentale de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne le statut de Zone Maritime Particuli\u00e8rement Vuln\u00e9rable. De plus, un signalement obligatoire 48 heures \u00e0 l\u2019avance des navires transportant du fuel lourd est entr\u00e9 en vigueur le 1er juillet 2005.
\nL\u2019importance des dommages subis apr\u00e8s les catastrophes maritimes r\u00e9centes a conduit aussi \u00e0 mettre en place des plans pour admettre \u00e9ventuellement un navire en difficult\u00e9 dans un lieu de refuge.
\nUn plan triennal 2007-2009 de modernisation des centres r\u00e9gionaux de surveillance op\u00e9rationnelle et de sauvetage (CROSS) permettra de plus de disposer des technologies r\u00e9centes pour renforcer la surveillance du trafic. Des nouveaux CROSS seront cr\u00e9\u00e9s en Polyn\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise et en Nouvelle Cal\u00e9donie.
\nLa France a aussi d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019adh\u00e9rer \u00e0 deux protocoles. Le premier porte sur le contr\u00f4le des \u00e9missions atmosph\u00e9riques des navires tandis que le second concerne la lutte contre les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de pollution par les substances nocives et potentiellement dangereuses. La France compte parmi les Etats ayant ratifi\u00e9 le plus de conventions de l\u2019organisation maritime internationale.
\nPar ailleurs, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des conditions de travail concourt \u00e0 la pr\u00e9vention des accidents. La France a engag\u00e9 la proc\u00e9dure de ratification de la Convention du Travail maritime adopt\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier 2006 par l\u2019Organisation internationale du travail ; les normes sociales, int\u00e9gr\u00e9es aux contr\u00f4les au titre de l\u2019Etat du port, deviendront ainsi opposables m\u00eame aux navires battant pavillon d\u2019Etats n\u2019ayant pas adh\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la convention.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A la suite de l\u2019annonce du verdict du proc\u00e8s de l’Erika, Jean-Louis Borloo, ministre d\u2019Etat, ministre de l\u2019Ecologie, du D\u00e9veloppement et de l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement durables, prend acte avec grand int\u00e9r\u00eat de la reconnaissance, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, par la Justice, de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environnement"],"yoast_head":"\n
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