{"id":22150,"date":"2011-05-11T13:46:07","date_gmt":"2011-05-11T11:46:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.sillon38.com\/?p=22150"},"modified":"2011-05-11T13:46:07","modified_gmt":"2011-05-11T11:46:07","slug":"le-gaz-et-lhuile-de-schiste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sillon38.com\/blog\/2011\/05\/11\/le-gaz-et-lhuile-de-schiste\/","title":{"rendered":"Le gaz et l\u2019huile de schiste"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Le gaz de schiste<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C&rsquo;est un gaz \u00ab\u00a0non conventionnel\u00a0\u00bb, c&rsquo;est \u00e0 dire un gaz qui se trouve  pi\u00e9g\u00e9 dans la roche et qui ne peut pas \u00eatre exploit\u00e9 de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re  que les gaz contenus dans des roches plus perm\u00e9ables. Son exploitation  n\u00e9cessite le plus souvent des forages horizontaux et une fracturation  hydraulique de ces roches profondes. Le gaz remonte \u00e0 la surface \u00e0  travers un tube en acier puis rejoint un gazoduc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>L&rsquo;huile de schiste <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Il s&rsquo;agit de p\u00e9trole contenu dans une roche que les g\u00e9ologues  appellent \u00ab roche m\u00e8re \u00bb. Cette roche m\u00e8re \u00e9tait initialement un  s\u00e9diment marin tr\u00e8s riche en mati\u00e8re organique (comme par exemple le  plancton). Avec l\u2019enfouissement au cours des temps g\u00e9ologiques, la  mati\u00e8re organique sous l\u2019effet d\u2019un accroissement de la temp\u00e9rature  s\u2019est transform\u00e9e en p\u00e9trole qui impr\u00e8gne la totalit\u00e9 du s\u00e9diment devenu  une roche microporeuse et imperm\u00e9able (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire dont les pores de  taille microscopique ne communiquent pas entre eux).<br \/>\nUne partie du p\u00e9trole contenu dans la roche m\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 expuls\u00e9e et a  migr\u00e9 vers le haut jusqu\u2019\u00e0 rencontrer une roche magasin (appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0poche\u00a0\u00bb  populairement) prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par une barri\u00e8re \u00e9tanche pour former un  gisement dit \u00ab conventionnel \u00bb. Une autre partie du p\u00e9trole, plus  importante (appel\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0huile de schiste\u00a0\u00bb populairement),  est rest\u00e9e pi\u00e9g\u00e9e  dans la roche m\u00e8re  pour former un gisement de p\u00e9trole dit \u00ab non  conventionnel \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Il y a une quinzaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es, on ignorait comment exploiter ce gaz  contenu dans ces formations g\u00e9ologiques. Ce gaz est aujourd&rsquo;hui extrait  en grande quantit\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats-Unis o\u00f9 il repr\u00e9sente 12 % de la production  locale de gaz contre seulement 1 % en 2000. En Europe et notamment en  France, l\u2019\u00e9valuation de ce type de ressources d\u00e9marre \u00e0 peine. Selon  certains experts, les r\u00e9serves mondiales de gaz de schiste seraient 4  fois plus importantes que les ressources en gaz conventionnel.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le gaz de schiste et l\u2019huile de schiste sont des hydrocarbures contenus dans des roches s\u00e9dimentaires argileuses, situ\u00e9es entre 1 et 3 kilom\u00e8tres de profondeur, qui sont \u00e0 la fois compactes et imperm\u00e9ables.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,22],"tags":[2649,2897],"class_list":["post-22150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energies","category-environnement","tag-gaz-de-schiste","tag-huile-de-schiste"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le gaz et 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