{"id":23314,"date":"2011-07-17T21:29:46","date_gmt":"2011-07-17T19:29:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.sillon38.com\/?p=23314"},"modified":"2011-07-17T21:29:46","modified_gmt":"2011-07-17T19:29:46","slug":"la-merule-demasquee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sillon38.com\/blog\/2011\/07\/17\/la-merule-demasquee\/","title":{"rendered":"La m\u00e9rule d\u00e9masqu\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"height: 709px;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"458\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td id=\"esp_press_bloc01\">\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"http:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fichier:Serpula_lacrimans.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Serpula_lacrimans.jpg\/250px-Serpula_lacrimans.jpg\" alt=\" M\u00e9rule pleureuse\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Des \u00e9quipes de l\u2019INRA et du CNRS ont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 le m\u00e9canisme de d\u00e9gradation du bois d\u2019un des champignons les plus d\u00e9vastateurs, Serpula lacrymans, commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9 la m\u00e9rule pleureuse. Cette d\u00e9couverte ouvre la voie \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9laboration de nouvelles techniques de lutte contre ce parasite et pourrait fortement int\u00e9resser le secteur de la bio\u00e9nergie. Ces r\u00e9sultats sont publi\u00e9s dans la revue Science du 14 juillet 2011.<\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td id=\"esp_press_bloc02\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">La m\u00e9rule est un champignon lignivore  tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandu mais discret en for\u00eat o\u00f9 il d\u00e9truit les souches de feuillus  comme de conif\u00e8res. C\u2019est cependant un redoutable colonisateur du bois  \u0153uvr\u00e9. Il touche pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiellement les charpentes, les escaliers et le  bois d\u2019\u0153uvre de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Lorsque le champignon est visible cela  signifie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral qu\u2019il est trop tard. En effet, son d\u00e9veloppement se  fait dans des conditions d\u2019obscurit\u00e9 et de faible ventilation, ce qui  rend souvent sa d\u00e9tection pr\u00e9coce difficile. <\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">La pourriture appara\u00eet dans  l\u2019ultime phase de d\u00e9gradation et les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts sont alors consid\u00e9rables,  voire irr\u00e9versibles.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le cadre d\u2019un vaste projet de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age d\u2019une cinquantaine de  g\u00e9nomes de champignons forestiers, men\u00e9 par le Joint Genome Institute,  des chercheurs de l\u2019unit\u00e9 Inra\/Universit\u00e9 de Nancy \u00ab Interactions  Arbres\/Microorganismes\u00bbassoci\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9quipes de l\u2019unit\u00e9  CNRS\/Universit\u00e9s Aix-Marseille 1&amp;2 \u00ab Architecture et Fonctions des  Macromol\u00e9cules \u00bb et des Universit\u00e9s de Swansea et Oxford, ont analys\u00e9 la  s\u00e9quence g\u00e9nomique de S. lacrymans.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">En comparant le r\u00e9pertoire de g\u00e8nes  de plusieurs champignons d\u00e9gradant le bois, les scientifiques ont pu  caract\u00e9riser le m\u00e9canisme de d\u00e9polym\u00e9risation de la lignine chez la  m\u00e9rule. <\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">La plupart des champignons utilisent des enzymes pour d\u00e9grader  le bois. Par contre, les pourritures brunes, dont fait partie la m\u00e9rule,  produisent dans les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tapes de la destruction du bois de  grandes quantit\u00e9s de radicaux libres hydroxyles. <\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Ces derniers provoquent  une r\u00e9action tr\u00e8s puissante qui permet de casser la couche de lignine  et d\u2019atteindre la cellulose, dont se nourrit le champignon.<\/p>\n<p>Ces r\u00e9sultats apportent \u00e9galement une meilleure compr\u00e9hension de  l\u2019\u00e9volution des champignons forestiers et de leur l\u2019\u00e9cologie. La  connaissance du m\u00e9canisme d\u2019action en jeu dans la d\u00e9gradation du bois  par la m\u00e9rule favorisera la mise au point de moyens de lutte contre ce  champignon, v\u00e9ritable fl\u00e9au du b\u00e2timent.<\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Ces r\u00e9sultats ont aussi un  int\u00e9r\u00eat pour le secteur des bio\u00e9nergies, la d\u00e9gradation des polym\u00e8res du  bois \u00e9tant un processus important dans la fabrication de biocarburant.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Des \u00e9quipes de l\u2019INRA et du CNRS ont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 le m\u00e9canisme de d\u00e9gradation du bois d\u2019un des champignons les plus d\u00e9vastateurs, Serpula lacrymans, commun\u00e9ment appel\u00e9 la m\u00e9rule pleureuse.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,64],"tags":[1135,3737],"class_list":["post-23314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-filierebois","category-recherche-scientifique","tag-champignon","tag-merule"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La m\u00e9rule d\u00e9masqu\u00e9e -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sillon38.com\/blog\/2011\/07\/17\/la-merule-demasquee\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La m\u00e9rule d\u00e9masqu\u00e9e -\" 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