{"id":30504,"date":"2012-08-27T23:19:52","date_gmt":"2012-08-27T21:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/staging.sillon38.com\/?p=30504"},"modified":"2012-08-27T23:19:52","modified_gmt":"2012-08-27T21:19:52","slug":"le-mystere-de-la-disparition-des-abeilles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sillon38.com\/blog\/2012\/08\/27\/le-mystere-de-la-disparition-des-abeilles\/","title":{"rendered":"Le myst\u00e8re de la disparition des abeilles"},"content":{"rendered":"

Essentielles au maintien de la biodiversit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la survie de notre agriculture, les abeilles disparaissent inexorablement. Une enqu\u00eate fouill\u00e9e et rigoureuse sur un d\u00e9sastre \u00e9cologique en cours.
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Des ruches d\u00e9sert\u00e9es. \u00c0 l’ext\u00e9rieur, pas de cadavres. \u00c0 l’int\u00e9rieur, une reine en bonne sant\u00e9, des larves viables et une poign\u00e9e de jeunes adultes affaiblis. Mais nulle trace des autres ouvri\u00e8res. C’est le syndrome d’effondrement des colonies : un mal foudroyant qui d\u00e9cime les ruches am\u00e9ricaines par centaines de milliers depuis 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peu \u00e0 peu, il s’\u00e9tend au reste du monde. Cette situation d’urgence menace de pr\u00e9cipiter un peu plus un d\u00e9clin continu entam\u00e9 d\u00e8s l’apr\u00e8s-guerre. Or, m\u00eame si ce n’est qu’aujourd’hui que l’on en prend conscience, les insectes pollinisateurs, aux premiers rangs desquels les abeilles domestiques et sauvages, constituent un rouage irrempla\u00e7able de la biodiversit\u00e9 et de notre agriculture. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sans ces sentinelles de la nature, pas de pollinisation des fleurs, et donc pas de fruits ni de l\u00e9gumes…<\/span><\/p>\n

Fuite en avant<\/em><\/strong>
\nScientifiques et apiculteurs sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me aux ramifications multiples, que cette enqu\u00eate soign\u00e9e d\u00e9cortique point par point.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

De l’acarien varroa venu de l’Est, qui parasite les ruches d’Europe et d’Am\u00e9rique, \u00e0 l’usage massif de produits chimiques induit par le productivisme agricole, Mark Daniels montre comment la mondialisation a acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 la mise en coupe r\u00e9gl\u00e9e de la nature. Ainsi des gigantesques champs d’amandiers de Californie, dont le poids dans l’\u00e9conomie locale entra\u00eene les agriculteurs dans une perp\u00e9tuelle fuite en avant.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

En manque d’abeilles en 2005, ils en importent en masse d’Australie. Puis, en 2006, intervient le syndrome d’effondrement des colonies. Saturant leurs plantations de pesticides, obligeant des milliards d’abeilles \u00e0 des transhumances \u00e9reintantes, rempla\u00e7ant fr\u00e9quemment leurs reines, ils jouent aux apprentis sorciers de la biologie.<\/em>
\nDans les laboratoires fran\u00e7ais, am\u00e9ricains ou allemands, des recherches convergentes mettent en \u00e9vidence l’interaction d’une multiplicit\u00e9 de facteurs dans la surmortalit\u00e9 des abeilles.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Impossible, par exemple, d’incriminer les seuls pesticides comme dans les ann\u00e9es 1990. En revanche, combin\u00e9s \u00e0 un virus, ou \u00e0 un champignon, l’effet de certains produits semble se d\u00e9multiplier, comme l’indiquent les \u00e9tudes les plus r\u00e9centes.<\/em>
\n
\nTour de force<\/em><\/strong>
\nMais si beaucoup de chercheurs appellent \u00e0 promouvoir d’urgence une agriculture plus respectueuse de l’environnement, d’autres sp\u00e9culent d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur la fabrication d’une abeille transg\u00e9nique.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Face aux d\u00e9bats de la science, les autorit\u00e9s louvoient, coinc\u00e9es entre des agriculteurs d\u00e9pendants des pesticides, des industriels qui d\u00e9fendent leurs produits bec et ongles et des apiculteurs qui sonnent l’alarme.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans les fleurs o\u00f9 butinent les abeilles, derri\u00e8re l’oeilleton des microscopes ou dans les pas d’un apiculteur \u00e9cossais philosophe, la cam\u00e9ra de Mark Daniels r\u00e9ussit le tour de force d’exposer avec limpidit\u00e9 ce probl\u00e8me aux enjeux si complexes.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Arte: <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

mardi, 28 ao\u00fbt 2012 \u00e0 20:50<\/span><\/h4>\n

Rediffusions :<\/strong>
\n01.09.2012 \u00e0 16:25
\n13.09.2012 \u00e0 14:55<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Essentielles au maintien de la biodiversit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la survie de notre agriculture, les abeilles disparaissent inexorablement. Une enqu\u00eate fouill\u00e9e et rigoureuse sur un d\u00e9sastre \u00e9cologique en cours. Diffusion sur Arte ce mardi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[167,514],"class_list":["post-30504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-apiculture","tag-abeilles","tag-arte"],"yoast_head":"\nLe myst\u00e8re de la disparition des abeilles -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sillon38.com\/blog\/2012\/08\/27\/le-mystere-de-la-disparition-des-abeilles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le myst\u00e8re de la disparition des abeilles -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Essentielles au maintien de la biodiversit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la survie de notre agriculture, les abeilles disparaissent inexorablement. 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