La nouvelle loi de finance du 24 d\u00e9cembre 2007\u00a0 reconna\u00eet comme revenu agricole, le revenu des agriculteurs qui valorisent la biomasse issue majoritairement de l\u2019exploitation agricole : ex vente de bois, vente d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ou de chaleur \u00e0 partir du bois, de la m\u00e9thanisation. Ces ventes rentrent d\u00e9sormais dans le champ du b\u00e9n\u00e9fice agricole (comme tout autre atelier de l\u2019exploitation).<\/p>\n
Pour des \u00ab petits \u00bbprojets de m\u00e9thanisation \u00e0 la ferme, il n\u2019est plus utile de cr\u00e9er une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9di\u00e9e. Toutefois, concernant les redevances li\u00e9es au traitement par m\u00e9thanisation de mati\u00e8res organiques ext\u00e9rieures \u00e0 la ferme, celles-ci rentrent dans le cadre des recettes accessoires (total maxi 100 000 \u20ac et 50% des recettes agricoles).<\/p>\n
La m\u00e9thanisation est encore peu d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e en France dans le monde agricole mais suscite un regain d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat du fait des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices environnementaux qu\u2019elle induit, de la hausse du prix des \u00e9nergies et de la revalorisation des tarifs d\u2019achat de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 produite.
\nAussi, en France, le mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement de la digestion ana\u00e9robie en milieu rural reste \u00e0 construire en consid\u00e9rant, d\u2019une part, l\u2019existant national et international et d\u2019autre part, les principales avanc\u00e9es \u00e0 venir.<\/p>\n
En Is\u00e8re, Pierre Gimel, conseiller g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Clelles, qui soutient le projet de faire de la lutte contre les gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et la consommation exag\u00e9r\u00e9e d’\u00e9nergie un v\u00e9ritable outil d’investissement (il soutiendra ce projet le 16 d\u00e9cembre au minist\u00e8re de l’Agriculture et de la P\u00eache) a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 vendredi au Conseil g\u00e9n\u00e9ral la r\u00e9alisation d’un test de m\u00e9thanisation dans le Nord-Is\u00e8re.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Au niveau agricole, la digestion ana\u00e9robie des effluents d\u2019\u00e9levage permet une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre li\u00e9es \u00e0 leur gestion. Plus globalement, cette technique permet de produire de l\u2019\u00e9nergie sous forme de m\u00e9thane \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets organiques.
\nAssoci\u00e9e \u00e0 d\u2019autres proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de traitement tel qu\u2019un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 biologique d\u2019\u00e9limination de l\u2019azote, la m\u00e9thanisation peut \u00e9galement s\u2019adapter \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents contextes et offrir une fili\u00e8re performante et optimale. La co-digestion qui consiste \u00e0 combiner d\u00e9chets agricoles, d\u00e9chets des collectivit\u00e9s ou des industries permet d\u2019optimiser le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 des substrats mais implique en amont une coop\u00e9ration territoriale.<\/p>\nLa France, avec 300 millions de t\/an de d\u00e9jections animales issues des \u00e9levages, d\u00e9tient l\u2019un des plus gros potentiels de production de biogaz agricole en Europe.
\n\u00c0 titre d\u2019exemple, la digestion d\u2019un m3 de lisier de porc produit de l\u2019ordre de 25kWh sous forme d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et autant sous forme de chaleur. Depuis juillet 2006, chaque kWh est rachet\u00e9 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 14 centimes d\u2019euros, au lieu des 5 centimes initiaux. Les gains sont aussi importants pour l\u2019environnement puisque la m\u00e9thanisation permet de diminuer les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre d\u2019un \u00e9levage. Enfin, les odeurs sont aussi att\u00e9nu\u00e9es au cours de la gestion des d\u00e9jections.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"La nouvelle loi de finance du 24 d\u00e9cembre 2007\u00a0 reconna\u00eet comme revenu agricole, le revenu des agriculteurs qui valorisent la biomasse issue majoritairement de l\u2019exploitation agricole : ex vente de bois, vente d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 ou de chaleur \u00e0 partir du bois,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,20],"tags":[791,4298],"class_list":["post-4757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agriculture","category-energies","tag-biogaz","tag-pierre-gimel"],"yoast_head":"\n
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